Table of Content 1 Print Server Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Print Server 1.2 Print Server Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Print Server Sales and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2029) 1.2.2 The Market Profile of Internal Print Server 1.2.3 The Market Profile of External Print Server 1.3 Global Print Server Segment by Application 1.3.1 Print Server Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2017-2029) 1.3.2 The Market Profile of Office 1.3.3 The Market Profile of Home 1.3.4 The Market Profile of Others 1.4 Global Print Server Market, Region Wise (2017-2022) 1.4.1 Global Print Server Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2022) 1.4.2 United States Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3 Europe Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.1 Germany Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.2 UK Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.3 France Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.4 Italy Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.5 Spain Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.6 Russia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.7 Poland Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.4 China Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.5 Japan Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.6 India Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.1 Malaysia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.2 Singapore Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.3 Philippines Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.4 Indonesia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.5 Thailand Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.6 Vietnam Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8 Latin America Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.1 Brazil Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.2 Mexico Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.3 Colombia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.1 Saudi Arabia Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.2 United Arab Emirates Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.3 Turkey Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.4 Egypt Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.5 South Africa Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.6 Nigeria Print Server Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.5 Global Market Size of Print Server (2017-2029) 1.5.1 Global Print Server Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2029) 1.5.2 Global Print Server Sales Status and Outlook (2017-2029) 2 Global Print Server Market Landscape by Player 2.1 Global Print Server Sales and Share by Player (2017-2022) 2.2 Global Print Server Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022) 2.3 Global Print Server Average Price by Player (2017-2022) 2.4 Global Print Server Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022) 2.5 Print Server Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type by Player 2.6 Print Server Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.6.1 Print Server Market Concentration Rate 2.6.2 Print Server Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players 2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Print Server Upstream and Downstream Analysis 3.1 Print Server Industrial Chain Analysis 3.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis 3.3 Key Raw Materials Supply and Demand Analysis 3.4 Manufacturing Process Analysis 3.5 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 3.6 Downstream Buyers 3.7 Value Chain Status Under COVID-18 4 Print Server Manufacturing Cost Analysis 4.1 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 4.2 Print Server Key Raw Materials Cost Analysis 4.2.1 Key Raw Materials Introduction 4.2.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 4.3 Labor Cost Analysis 4.3.1 Labor Cost of Print Server Under COVID-19 4.4 Energy Costs Analysis 4.5 R&D Costs Analysis 5 Market Dynamics 5.1 Drivers 5.2 Restraints and Challenges 5.3 Opportunities 5.3.1 Advances in Innovation and Technology for Print Server 5.3.2 Increased Demand in Emerging Markets 5.4 Print Server Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak 5.4.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview 5.4.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Print Server Industry Development 5.5 Consumer Behavior Analysis 6 Players Profiles 6.1 HP 6.1.1 HP Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.1.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.1.3 HP Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.1.4 HP Business Overview 6.2 TP-Link India Private Limited 6.2.1 TP-Link India Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.2.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.2.3 TP-Link India Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.2.4 TP-Link India Private Limited Business Overview 6.3 Geloof Solutions Private Limited 6.3.1 Geloof Solutions Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.3.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.3.3 Geloof Solutions Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.3.4 Geloof Solutions Private Limited Business Overview 6.4 Yash International 6.4.1 Yash International Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.4.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.4.3 Yash International Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.4.4 Yash International Business Overview 6.5 Lenevo 6.5.1 Lenevo Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.5.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.5.3 Lenevo Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.5.4 Lenevo Business Overview 6.6 Zaco Computers Private Limited 6.6.1 Zaco Computers Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.6.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.6.3 Zaco Computers Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.6.4 Zaco Computers Private Limited Business Overview 6.7 Radical Technologies Private Limited 6.7.1 Radical Technologies Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.7.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.7.3 Radical Technologies Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.7.4 Radical Technologies Private Limited Business Overview 6.8 IBM 6.8.1 IBM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.8.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.8.3 IBM Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.8.4 IBM Business Overview 6.9 Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited 6.9.1 Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.9.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.9.3 Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.9.4 Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Business Overview 6.10 Ams Net Tech 6.10.1 Ams Net Tech Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.10.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.10.3 Ams Net Tech Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.10.4 Ams Net Tech Business Overview 6.11 Aariha Enterprise Private Limited 6.11.1 Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.11.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.11.3 Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.11.4 Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Business Overview 6.12 Fujitsu Global 6.12.1 Fujitsu Global Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.12.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.12.3 Fujitsu Global Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.12.4 Fujitsu Global Business Overview 6.13 Cisco 6.13.1 Cisco Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.13.2 Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.13.3 Cisco Print Server Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.13.4 Cisco Business Overview 7 Global Print Server Sales and Revenue Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.1 Global Print Server Sales and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.2 Global Print Server Revenue (Revenue) and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.3 Global Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4 United States Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4.1 United States Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.5 Europe Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.5.1 Europe Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.6 China Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.6.1 China Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.7 Japan Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.7.1 Japan Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.8 India Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.8.1 India Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.9 Southeast Asia Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.9.1 Southeast Asia Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.10 Latin America Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.10.1 Latin America Print Server Market Under COVID-19 7.11 Middle East and Africa Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.11.1 Middle East and Africa Print Server Market Under COVID-19 8 Global Print Server Sales, Revenue (Revenue), Price Trend by Type 8.1 Global Print Server Sales and Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 8.2 Global Print Server Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 8.3 Global Print Server Price by Type (2017-2022) 8.4 Global Print Server Sales Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022) 8.4.1 Global Print Server Sales Growth Rate of Internal Print Server (2017-2022) 8.4.2 Global Print Server Sales Growth Rate of External Print Server (2017-2022) 9 Global Print Server Market Analysis by Application 9.1 Global Print Server Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 9.2 Global Print Server Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022) 9.2.1 Global Print Server Consumption Growth Rate of Office (2017-2022) 9.2.2 Global Print Server Consumption Growth Rate of Home (2017-2022) 9.2.3 Global Print Server Consumption Growth Rate of Others (2017-2022) 10 Global Print Server Market Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1 Global Print Server Sales, Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.1 Global Print Server Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.2 Global Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.3 Global Print Server Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2 Global Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2029) 10.2.1 United States Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.2 Europe Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.3 China Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.4 Japan Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.5 India Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.6 Southeast Asia Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.7 Latin America Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.8 Middle East and Africa Print Server Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.3 Global Print Server Sales, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2029) 10.4 Global Print Server Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2029) 10.5 Print Server Market Forecast Under COVID-19 11 Research Findings and Conclusion 12 Appendix 12.1 Methodology 12.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Figure Print Server Product Picture Table Global Print Server Sales and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type Table Profile of Internal Print Server Table Profile of External Print Server Table Print Server Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2017-2029) Table Profile of Office Table Profile of Home Table Profile of Others Figure Global Print Server Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) (2017-2022) Figure United States Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Europe Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Germany Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure UK Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure France Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Italy Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Spain Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Russia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Poland Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure China Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Japan Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure India Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Southeast Asia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Malaysia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Singapore Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Philippines Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Indonesia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Thailand Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Vietnam Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Latin America Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Brazil Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Mexico Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Colombia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Middle East and Africa Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Saudi Arabia Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure United Arab Emirates Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Turkey Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Egypt Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure South Africa Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Nigeria Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Status and Outlook (2017-2029) Table Global Print Server Sales by Player (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Sales Share by Player (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Share by Player in 2021 Table Print Server Revenue by Player (2017-2022) Table Print Server Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022) Table Print Server Price by Player (2017-2022) Table Print Server Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022) Table Print Server Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area by Player Table Print Server Product Type by Player Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Figure Print Server Industrial Chain Analysis Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis Figure Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials Table Downstream Buyers Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis Table Key Raw Materials Introduction of Print Server Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Print Server Industry Development Table HP Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table HP Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure HP Revenue and Growth Rate Figure HP Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table TP-Link India Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table TP-Link India Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure TP-Link India Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure TP-Link India Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Geloof Solutions Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Geloof Solutions Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Geloof Solutions Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Geloof Solutions Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Yash International Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Yash International Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Yash International Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Yash International Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Lenevo Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Lenevo Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Lenevo Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Lenevo Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Zaco Computers Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Zaco Computers Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Zaco Computers Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Zaco Computers Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Radical Technologies Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Radical Technologies Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Radical Technologies Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Radical Technologies Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table IBM Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table IBM Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure IBM Revenue and Growth Rate Figure IBM Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Honestattva IT Solutions Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Ams Net Tech Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Ams Net Tech Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Ams Net Tech Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Ams Net Tech Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Aariha Enterprise Private Limited Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Fujitsu Global Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Fujitsu Global Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Fujitsu Global Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Fujitsu Global Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Cisco Profile Table Print Server Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Cisco Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Cisco Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Cisco Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Global Print Server Sales, Region Wise (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Sales Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Market Share, Region Wise in 2021 Table Global Print Server Revenue, Region Wise (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021 Table Global Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table United States Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Europe Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table China Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Japan Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table India Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Southeast Asia Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Latin America Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Middle East and Africa Print Server Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Sales by Type (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Market Share by Type in 2022 Table Global Print Server Revenue by Type (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Revenue Market Share by Type in 2022 Table Print Server Price by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Growth Rate of Internal Print Server (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales Growth Rate of External Print Server (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Consumption by Application (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Consumption of Office (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Consumption of Home (2017-2022) Table Global Print Server Consumption of Others (2017-2022) Figure Global Print Server Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) Figure Global Print Server Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) Figure Global Print Server Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2029) Figure USA Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure USA Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Europe Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Europe Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure China Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure China Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Japan Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Japan Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure India Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure India Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Southeast Asia Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Southeast Asia Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Latin America Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Latin America Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Middle East and Africa Print Server Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Middle East and Africa Print Server Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Table Global Print Server Market Sales Forecast, by Type Table Global Print Server Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Print Server Market Revenue Forecast, by Type Table Global Print Server Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Print Server Price Forecast, by Type Table Global Print Server Market Consumption Forecast, by Application Table Global Print Server Consumption Volume Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Print Server Market Revenue Forecast, by Application Table Global Print Server Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Print Server Price Forecast, by Application