Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
SKU ID : MMI-20772249 | Publishing Date : 22-Apr-2022 | No. of pages : 162
Detailed TOC of Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
Table of ContentsGlobal Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Commercial Coffee Brewers Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Commercial Coffee Brewers Segment by Type
2.1.1 Satellite Brewers
2.1.2 Decanter Brewers
2.1.3 Airpot Brewers
2.1.4 Coffee Urns
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Coffee Shops
2.2.2 Restaurants
2.2.3 Hotels
2.2.4 Others
2.3 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Comparison by Regions (2017-2027)
2.3.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Size (2017-2027)
2.3.2 North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.3 Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.4 China Commercial Coffee Brewers Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.5 Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Commercial Coffee Brewers Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Commercial Coffee Brewers Industry Impact
2.5.1 Commercial Coffee Brewers Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Commercial Coffee Brewers Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Commercial Coffee Brewers Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Commercial Coffee Brewers Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Commercial Coffee Brewers Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 BUNN
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 BUNN Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 BUNN 162 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 BUNN News
4.2 Bloomfield
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Bloomfield Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Bloomfield Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 BUNN News
4.3 Grindmaster-Cecilware
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 Grindmaster-Cecilware Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 Grindmaster-Cecilware Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 Grindmaster-Cecilware News
4.4 Hamilton Beach Brands
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Hamilton Beach Brands Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Hamilton Beach Brands Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Hamilton Beach Brands News
4.5 Wilbur Curtis
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Hamilton Beach Brands Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Wilbur Curtis Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 Wilbur Curtis News
4.6 Avantco Equipment
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Avantco Equipment Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Avantco Equipment Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Avantco Equipment News
4.7 Bravilor Bonamat
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Bravilor Bonamat Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Bravilor Bonamat Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Brewmatic
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Brewmatic Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Brewmatic Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Brewmatic News
4.9 FETCO
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 FETCO Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 FETCO Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 FETCO News
4.10 Franke Group
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 Franke Group Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Franke Group Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 Franke Group News
4.11 HLF
4.11.1 Compan Detail
4.11.2 HLF Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.11.3 HLF Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.11.4 Main Business Overview
4.11.5 HLF News
4.12 Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE)
4.12.1 Compan Detail
4.12.2 Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.12.3 Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.12.4 Main Business Overview
4.12.5 Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) News
4.13 Newco
4.13.1 Company Details
4.13.2 Newco Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.13.3 Newco Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.13.4 Main Business Overview
4.13.5 Newco News
4.14 West Bend
4.14.1 Compan Detail
4.14.2 West Bend Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.14.3 West Bend Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.14.4 Main Business Overview
4.14.5 West Bend News
5 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Satellite Brewers Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Satellite Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Satellite Brewers Price (2017-2022)
5.3 Decanter Brewers Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Decanter Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Decanter Brewers Price (2017-2022)
5.4 Airpot Brewers Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.4.1 Global Airpot Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Airpot Brewers Price (2017-2022)
5.5 Coffee Urns Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.5.1 Global Coffee Urns Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.5.2 Global Coffee Urns Price (2017-2022)
6 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Coffee Shops Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.3 Restaurants Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.4 Hotels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.5 Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
7 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Forecast
7.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
7.2 Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
7.2.1 North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Other Regions Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.4 Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Commercial Coffee Brewers Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Product Picture Commercial Coffee Brewers
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Commercial Coffee Brewers
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Commercial Coffee Brewers by Big Type in 2021
Figure Satellite Brewers Picture (2017-2022)
Figure Decanter Brewers Picture (2017-2022)
Figure Airpot Brewers Picture (2017-2022)
Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Size by Application
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share by Big Application in 2021
Figure Coffee Shops Picture
Figure Restaurants Picture
Figure Hotels Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2017-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Size (Million US$) (2017-2027)
Figure North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Commercial Coffee Brewers Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure Top 10 Commercial Coffee Brewers Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Commercial Coffee Brewers Market
Table Key Manufacturers Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table BUNN Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of BUNN
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2017-2022
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Bloomfield Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Bloomfield
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Bloomfield Recent Development
Table Grindmaster-Cecilware Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Grindmaster-Cecilware
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Grindmaster-Cecilware Main Business
Table Grindmaster-Cecilware Recent Development
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Hamilton Beach Brands
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Main Business
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Recent Development
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Main Business
Table Hamilton Beach Brands Recent Development
Table Wilbur Curtis Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Wilbur Curtis
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Wilbur Curtis Main Business
Table Wilbur Curtis Recent Development
Table Avantco Equipment Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Avantco Equipment
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Avantco Equipment Main Business
Table Avantco Equipment Recent Development
Table Bravilor Bonamat Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Bravilor Bonamat
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Bravilor Bonamat Main Business
Table Bravilor Bonamat Recent Development
Table Brewmatic Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Brewmatic
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Brewmatic Main Business
Table Brewmatic Recent Development
Table FETCO Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of FETCO
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table FETCO Main Business
Table FETCO Recent Development
Table Franke Group Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Franke Group
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Franke Group Main Business
Table Franke Group Recent Development
Table HLF Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of HLF
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table HLF Main Business
Table HLF Recent Development
Table Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE)
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) Main Business
Table Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE) Recent Development
Table Newco Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Newco
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Newco Main Business
Table Newco Recent Development
Table West Bend Company Profile
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Product Introduction, Application and Specification of West Bend
Table Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table West Bend Main Business
Table West Bend Recent Development
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Regions in 2021
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure China Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Other Regions Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Satellite Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Satellite Brewers Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Decanter Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Decanter Brewers Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Airpot Brewers Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Airpot Brewers Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Coffee Urns Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales by Big Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Coffee Shops Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Restaurants Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Hotels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Figure Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Other Regions Sales Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Commercial Coffee Brewers
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure North America Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Commercial Coffee Brewers Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Commercial Coffee Brewers Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
Keyplayers in Global Commercial Coffee Brewers Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
BUNNBloomfield
Grindmaster-Cecilware
Hamilton Beach Brands
Wilbur Curtis
Avantco Equipment
Bravilor Bonamat
Brewmatic
FETCO
Franke Group
HLF
Jacobs Douwe Egberts (JDE)